環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)因其結構(gou)上(shang)特有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)、羥基(ji)和醚(mi)鍵而具有優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)著(zhu)性(xing)(xing)、絕緣性(xing)(xing)、防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)性(xing)(xing)和耐化(hua)(hua)學品性(xing)(xing)，成為(wei)最具代表(biao)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)性(xing)(xing)能防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂料(liao)(liao)樹(shu)脂(zhi)品種之(zhi)一(yi)。每年世界上(shang)約有40% 以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)造環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)涂料(liao)(liao)，其中大部分(fen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于工業防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)領域(yu)，比(bi)如橋梁、車輛、船(chuan)舶、港口、礦(kuang)山、石(shi)油、化(hua)(hua)工等領域(yu)。但是(shi)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)只有配套使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑才(cai)能發生交聯反(fan)應(ying)生成網狀大分(fen)子，從(cong)而顯(xian)示出優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)。固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑是(shi)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)涂料(liao)(liao)體系中不可或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組分(fen)，起著(zhu)至關重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。可以說開(kai)發一(yi)種新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑就相當于開(kai)發一(yi)種新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)或新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)領域(yu)。因此，對現有固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改性(xing)(xing)和新(xin)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發是(shi)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展趨勢。

　　1.固化劑(ji)對環氧樹脂涂料(liao)性能的影響(xiang)

　　環(huan)氧樹脂涂料的性(xing)能隨固化劑種類的不同(tong)而(er)有較(jiao)大差異，主要(yao)表現(xian)在以(yi)下幾個方(fang)面(mian)：

　　(1)改進(jin)環氧樹脂涂料的(de)力(li)學性能(neng)。

　　環氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)涂料(liao)的(de)反應活性(xing)高、交聯(lian)密度大，故(gu)涂膜抗蝕性(xing)好。但同時也存在物理機械性(xing)能不足，如彈(dan)性(xing)較差、脆性(xing)偏(pian)大等問題，可以(yi)通過(guo)引入帶柔性(xing)鏈段的(de)固化劑(ji)，如帶長(chang)鏈脂(zhi)肪酸的(de)聚酰(xian)胺予以(yi)改進。

　　(2)改進(jin)環(huan)氧樹脂涂料的工藝性能。

　　環(huan)氧樹脂涂料(liao)常(chang)在現場大規模施工，存在揮發物的(de)毒性(xing)(xing)和(he)在潮濕及低溫(wen)環(huan)境下(xia)的(de)可(ke)操作性(xing)(xing)問題。近年來國內外(wai)開發了多種無(wu)毒或低毒，且具有優良(liang)的(de)施工性(xing)(xing)、力學性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)抗(kang)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)的(de)改性(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)化劑，如改性(xing)(xing)酮亞胺類固(gu)(gu)化劑。

　　(3)改進環氧樹脂(zhi)涂料的耐蝕性(xing)。

　　不同環氧固(gu)化(hua)體系的耐(nai)(nai)蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)也有較(jiao)大差(cha)別。胺類固(gu)化(hua)劑固(gu)化(hua)的環氧樹脂耐(nai)(nai)堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)而(er)(er)(er)耐(nai)(nai)酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)，因(yin)固(gu)化(hua)后形(xing)成(cheng)的叔胺結構易與酸反應(ying)生成(cheng)叔銨鹽(yan)。而(er)(er)(er)酸酐(gan)固(gu)化(hua)劑固(gu)化(hua)的環氧樹脂正好(hao)相反，耐(nai)(nai)酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)而(er)(er)(er)耐(nai)(nai)堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)，因(yin)固(gu)化(hua)后形(xing)成(cheng)的酯(zhi)基在堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)條件下發生不可(ke)逆的水解反應(ying)。

　　(4)進環氧樹脂涂料的(de)耐溫性。

　　采(cai)用脂肪族胺固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)的環氧樹脂，其熱(re)變(bian)形溫(wen)(wen)度較低，通常僅為70~80℃。采(cai)用合適的芳(fang)香族固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)或酸酐(gan)類固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)，可使熱(re)變(bian)形溫(wen)(wen)度提高至(zhi)150℃左右(you)，但(dan)后(hou)兩(liang)類固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)單獨應(ying)用一般需在加熱(re)條件下固(gu)化(hua)(hua)。

　　(5)改進(jin)環氧樹脂涂料的介電(dian)性能。

　　當環氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)用于絕緣涂(tu)(tu)料時，可選(xuan)擇使用偏苯二(er)酸(suan)酐的(de)改(gai)進(jin)共聚物作(zuo)固化劑，可明顯提高(gao)涂(tu)(tu)料的(de)耐熱性和介電性能。

　　2.國內外常(chang)溫(wen)固化劑的比(bi)較

　　出于防腐(fu)涂(tu)料(liao)現場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)需要，環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)涂(tu)料(liao)一般采用常溫(wen)固(gu)(gu)化劑，主(zhu)要品種有：脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪胺(an)(an)(an)、芳香胺(an)(an)(an)、脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)胺(an)(an)(an)、多醚(mi)胺(an)(an)(an)、芳脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胺(an)(an)(an)、聚(ju)酰胺(an)(an)(an)及(ji)各種改(gai)性(xing)胺(an)(an)(an)等(deng)。國(guo)外環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)涂(tu)料(liao)固(gu)(gu)化劑品種很多，其開發(fa)應用水平遠居前列(lie)。一般的(de)防腐(fu)底漆采用改(gai)性(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪胺(an)(an)(an)固(gu)(gu)化劑(美(mei)國(guo)聯碳公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)ZZL- 系列(lie)、荷蘭(lan)殼(ke)牌化學公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)U 系列(lie)和(he)美(mei)國(guo)陶氏化學公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)DEH52 等(deng))和(he)聚(ju)酰胺(an)(an)(an)固(gu)(gu)化劑(德(de)國(guo)科寧公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)V 系列(lie)、日本旭化成公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)G 系列(lie)等(deng))。而對于要求較高的(de)重防腐(fu)涂(tu)料(liao)，如高固(gu)(gu)體分涂(tu)料(liao)或(huo)無(wu)溶劑涂(tu)料(liao)則選用改(gai)性(xing)芳脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胺(an)(an)(an)、改(gai)性(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)胺(an)(an)(an)和(he)多醚(mi)胺(an)(an)(an)類固(gu)(gu)化劑(美(mei)國(guo)乙基公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)E-100、m-APA，德(de)國(guo)巴斯夫公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)D 系列(lie)、T 系列(lie)、美(mei)國(guo)亨斯邁公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)M 系列(lie)、ED 系列(lie)等(deng))。

　　國(guo)內(nei)對環氧樹脂(zhi)(zhi)涂(tu)料的(de)(de)(de)研發(fa)偏(pian)重(zhong)于環氧樹脂(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)對固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑的(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)則落后于國(guo)外。主要停留在(zai)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪胺(an)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)改性(xing)(xing)產品上。幾種代(dai)表性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)常溫固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑是：593 固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(二(er)乙(yi)基三胺(an)和(he)(he)環氧丙烷(wan)丁基醚的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)成物(wu))、590 固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(間苯二(er)胺(an)和(he)(he)苯基縮水(shui)甘油(you)(you)醚的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)成物(wu))、T31 固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(多胺(an)、甲醛(quan)和(he)(he)苯酚(fen)的(de)(de)(de)曼尼(ni)希加(jia)成物(wu))、酮亞(ya)胺(an)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(酮類(lei)與多元(yuan)胺(an)反(fan)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)下固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑)、650、651 固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(由(you)干(gan)性(xing)(xing)油(you)(you)酸二(er)聚體和(he)(he)多元(yuan)胺(an)反(fan)應(ying)制(zhi)成的(de)(de)(de)聚酰胺(an)樹脂(zhi)(zhi))等。與國(guo)外相(xiang)比，國(guo)內(nei)環氧樹脂(zhi)(zhi)涂(tu)料固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑不僅在(zai)品種數量上，而(er)且在(zai)性(xing)(xing)能質量上，如產品顏(yan)色、干(gan)性(xing)(xing)、物(wu)性(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)(nai)蝕性(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)(nai)熱性(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)施工應(ying)用性(xing)(xing)等方面都有較大(da)差距，這也是今后研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點和(he)(he)改進方向。

　　3.國內外常溫(wen)環氧(yang)固(gu)化劑的(de)發展動態(tai)

　　國內外對(dui)環(huan)氧樹脂固(gu)化劑(ji)的(de)開發(fa)和改性(xing)非(fei)常(chang)活躍(yue)，現僅就常(chang)溫固(gu)化的(de)環(huan)氧樹脂涂料固(gu)化劑(ji)的(de)開發(fa)應(ying)用動(dong)態作一介紹。

　　3.1改性多元胺

　　脂肪(fang)族或芳香族多元胺類(lei)(lei)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，因(yin)其操作簡便、各種性(xing)能良好而被廣(guang)泛采用(yong)。但存在著易揮發(fa)、氣(qi)味和(he)脆(cui)性(xing)大(da)等缺陷，對此，研究人員進(jin)行了改性(xing)工作。杜邦公司采用(yong)2 種脂肪(fang)族二(er)胺和(he)1 種脂環(huan)(huan)族二(er)胺制備了加成型環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，即2- 甲(jia)基(ji)戊二(er)胺(MPMD，商標為DYTEK?A)、1，3-戊二(er)胺( DAMP，商標為DYTEK?ER)和(he)1，2- 環(huan)(huan)己(ji)二(er)胺(DCH99)。這類(lei)(lei)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)毒(du)性(xing)低、氣(qi)味小(xiao)，用(yong)其制備的(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)料具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)耐化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學腐蝕性(xing)、高硬度和(he)良好的(de)(de)(de)光澤。其中MPMD固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)快，色淺;DCH99 黏(nian)度低，固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)較慢(man)，加酸催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)后(hou)顏色加深;DAMP 黏(nian)度最低，顏色最淺，其固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)速度介于(yu)(yu)前兩者之間(jian)。陶氏化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)特種固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)XZ92441.01 可(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)工業防腐涂(tu)料;D.E.H.58 為混合胺類(lei)(lei)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，可(ke)室(shi)溫(wen)快干。

　　歐洲專利報道了一(yi)種低黏度，且(qie)不(bu)含環(huan)境有害(hai)物(wu)質(如苯酚(fen)和(he)溶(rong)劑)的(de)環(huan)氧樹脂固化(hua)(hua)劑，含聚氨酯(zhi)化(hua)(hua)合物(wu)和(he)固化(hua)(hua)促進劑，其組成物(wu)可以低溫(wen)固化(hua)(hua)，且(qie)固化(hua)(hua)膜(mo)外(wai)觀及性能優(you)異。

　　Air Products 公司(si)推(tui)出了(le)(le)系列(lie)高(gao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)——改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)多元胺(an)，其(qi)中(zhong)CX-101 具(ju)(ju)有(you)長效(xiao)防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);CX-110B 具(ju)(ju)有(you)低(di)溫固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)重防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)(he)船舶涂(tu)料(liao)中(zhong);X-2282 和(he)(he)(he)X-110E 采用(yong)(yong)(yong)弱(ruo)溶(rong)劑(ji)，前者(zhe)能(neng)(neng)(neng)快速(su)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，均(jun)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)料(liao)中(zhong);IM-544、I-90S、NB-90S和(he)(he)(he)W-100 均(jun)為(wei)無溶(rong)劑(ji)類產品，皆可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)(he)地坪涂(tu)料(liao)中(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)IM-544、I-90S 是(shi)低(di)氣味、耐(nai)(nai)候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)品種;I-90S 還(huan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)潤濕浸(jin)涂(tu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)表面處理(li)要求不高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場合(he);NB-90S 兼具(ju)(ju)耐(nai)(nai)候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)低(di)溫固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);W-100具(ju)(ju)有(you)低(di)溫快速(su)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，還(huan)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)促(cu)進劑(ji)。據(ju)報道(dao)，己二(er)(er)胺(an)與脂(zhi)肪族單縮水甘(gan)(gan)油(you)(you)酯和(he)(he)(he)烷基(ji)單縮水甘(gan)(gan)油(you)(you)醚反應(ying)制成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，其(qi)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)有(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貯存穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、抗(kang)撓曲性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)(nai)低(di)溫性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)耐(nai)(nai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)藥品性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。日本旭(xu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成推(tui)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)己二(er)(er)胺(an)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)C-200 系列(lie)，既(ji)可(ke)單獨使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，亦(yi)可(ke)與其(qi)他固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)拼用(yong)(yong)(yong)，可(ke)消除固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內應(ying)力，改(gai)善柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)抗(kang)沖擊(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。中(zhong)昊晨光化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)步法合(he)成了(le)(le)CGF-1改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)胺(an)低(di)黏(nian)度(du)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)增(zeng)韌型固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)了(le)(le)原材料(liao)配比、反應(ying)時間(jian)、反應(ying)溫度(du)等(deng)(deng)因(yin)素對產品性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。該產品可(ke)常溫固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，涂(tu)膜柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，易排(pai)泡(pao)，流動性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，耐(nai)(nai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)優。經試驗，其(qi)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)遠優于(yu)市售產品。另外，晨光化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)還(huan)以苯二(er)(er)甲胺(an)為(wei)基(ji)本原料(liao)，以丙(bing)烯腈、環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)等(deng)(deng)為(wei)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)，制得了(le)(le)79-3 改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)胺(an)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)。79-3 固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方便(bian)，毒(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)，固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反應(ying)緩和(he)(he)(he)，固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產物(wu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、防(fang)潮性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，尤其(qi)是(shi)突(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)強度(du)。

　　江蘇三木集團以美國杜邦公(gong)司DACH(1，2- 二(er)氨(an)基(ji)環己(ji)烷)脂環族(zu)胺(an)(an)類固(gu)化劑(ji)為基(ji)礎進行改性(xing)，向市場(chang)推出了一種高性(xing)能環氧(yang)樹脂固(gu)化劑(ji)——SM-203。其固(gu)化產物具有良好的耐化學品(pin)性(xing)和較高的玻璃化轉變(bian)溫度(du)，肖(xiao)氏硬度(du)可達90，而且在潮濕的環境(jing)中可保持高光澤。龔云金采用己(ji)二(er)胺(an)(an)與(yu)(yu)環氧(yang)樹脂進行羥烷基(ji)化及與(yu)(yu)丙烯(xi)腈(jing)進行氰乙基(ji)化反應制備(bei)了TG301 室溫固(gu)化劑(ji)，達到了低(di)熔(rong)點、低(di)毒性(xing)和低(di)脆性(xing)的綜合效果。

　　3.2改(gai)性聚酰胺

　　國外有(you)代表(biao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的低相對分子(zi)質(zhi)量聚酰胺固(gu)化劑是(shi)科寧公司的V-115、V-125 和(he)V-140。它們具有(you)較好(hao)的綜合性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，但熱變形溫(wen)度(du)有(you)待(dai)進一步提高。為此(ci)，常加(jia)入少(shao)量(固(gu)化劑比例的8% 左右(you))間苯(ben)二(er)胺或二(er)氨基二(er)苯(ben)基甲烷，熱變形溫(wen)度(du)可提高30℃左右(you)[7]。研究(jiu)指出，通過胺值(zhi)確定(ding)酰胺化程度(du)及(ji)與環氧樹脂的配(pei)比，在保持(chi)固(gu)化物柔(rou)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)耐沖擊(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的同時，可提高其(qi)剛(gang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)耐化學品(pin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。C20 長鏈不飽和(he)二(er)元(yuan)酸(suan)二(er)甲酯和(he)多種二(er)元(yuan)胺反(fan)應，可制(zhi)成各種聚酰胺。隨其(qi)相對分子(zi)質(zhi)量的增加(jia)，拉伸剪切強度(du)和(he)剝離強度(du)也(ye)增加(jia)。

　　Resolution 公(gong)(gong)司(si)(原(yuan)殼牌(pai)公(gong)(gong)司(si))推(tui)出(chu)新型環氧(yang)(yang)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑CY-F206，它是在(zai)(zai)原(yuan)脂環族固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑中(zhong)加(jia)入(ru)一(yi)些可能(neng)形(xing)成(cheng)強氫鍵的(de)物質(zhi)，并(bing)且(qie)加(jia)入(ru)酰(xian)胺(an)基固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑EPI-3055 制得的(de)。EPI-3055 不含低相對分(fen)(fen)(fen)子質(zhi)量活性(xing)(xing)(xing)胺(an)，樹脂鏈長(chang)，潮濕黏結(jie)(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)優良，流平性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)，可顯著改善(shan)對顏(yan)料的(de)潤濕分(fen)(fen)(fen)散性(xing)(xing)(xing)，不會(hui)出(chu)現顏(yan)料絮(xu)凝和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)色，具(ju)有非常好(hao)(hao)的(de)硬度(du)和(he)耐(nai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品性(xing)(xing)(xing)，適(shi)于環氧(yang)(yang)自(zi)流平涂(tu)層。另外(wai)(wai)，科寧公(gong)(gong)司(si)推(tui)出(chu)的(de)Versamid 224-229 系列改性(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)和(he)亨(heng)斯邁公(gong)(gong)司(si)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)Aradur450 改性(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)，均(jun)是將聚(ju)(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)與(yu)少量環氧(yang)(yang)樹脂反(fan)(fan)應，減少游(you)離胺(an)的(de)產(chan)品。使用時不必熟化(hua)(hua)(hua)，減少在(zai)(zai)空氣(qi)中(zhong)與(yu)CO2 的(de)成(cheng)鹽反(fan)(fan)應，能(neng)在(zai)(zai)寒冷氣(qi)候下施工(gong)。國防(fang)科技成(cheng)果辦公(gong)(gong)室近(jin)期推(tui)薦(jian)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)低相對分(fen)(fen)(fen)子質(zhi)量聚(ju)(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑。用它制成(cheng)的(de)環氧(yang)(yang)聚(ju)(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)涂(tu)料具(ju)有附著力強，耐(nai)老化(hua)(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)海水性(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)耐(nai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)優等特點。據介紹，該涂(tu)料廣泛用作(zuo)遠洋輪船(chuan)殼體(ti)漆、甲板漆、航母的(de)飛機軌道漆及(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)機械耐(nai)蝕漆等。此(ci)外(wai)(wai)，配制的(de)膠(jiao)黏劑固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)后柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)、低溫不脆裂，在(zai)(zai)飛機、汽車(che)和(he)船(chuan)舶等部件的(de)黏結(jie)(jie)中(zhong)可替代焊接和(he)鉚(liu)接。胡(hu)高平等通過將低相對分(fen)(fen)(fen)子質(zhi)量聚(ju)(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)與(yu)酚醛(quan)胺(an)復合(he)形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)種新的(de)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑來固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)環氧(yang)(yang)樹脂，一(yi)方(fang)面增強了聚(ju)(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)的(de)反(fan)(fan)應活性(xing)(xing)(xing)，另一(yi)方(fang)面提(ti)高了固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)物的(de)柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)耐(nai)溫性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)。實(shi)驗證(zheng)明(ming)，聚(ju)(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)和(he)酚醛(quan)胺(an)的(de)復合(he)比例為1∶2 時效果最佳。

　　3.3改性酚醛胺(an)

　　酚醛胺又(you)稱為(wei)(wei)曼(man)尼(ni)希(xi)型固(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，由(you)于(yu)含有(you)(you)酚羥(qian)基及胺類(lei)活(huo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氫(qing)，提(ti)(ti)高了(le)產物的(de)耐熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。進(jin)一(yi)步的(de)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)，主要是調整長鏈結構和(he)增加(jia)柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。殼(ke)牌環氧公司(si)生(sheng)產的(de)H-5、H-6 型固(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)以長鏈脂環胺為(wei)(wei)基礎(chu)，不僅柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增加(jia)，而且揮發性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)降低，減少了(le)對皮膚的(de)刺(ci)激性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。同時(shi)，在(zai)固(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)分子(zi)結構中(zhong)引入了(le)起固(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)促進(jin)作用的(de)羥(qian)基基團，具有(you)(you)潮濕和(he)低溫固(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而且提(ti)(ti)高了(le)固(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產物的(de)耐熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)耐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。還有(you)(you)采用相同的(de)曼(man)尼(ni)希(xi)反應，但不加(jia)入多元胺，而加(jia)入二甲(jia)胺，固(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)分子(zi)中(zhong)既有(you)(you)酚醛基又(you)有(you)(you)叔氨基，具有(you)(you)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)作用，可提(ti)(ti)高固(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)成(cheng)膜性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能。美國(guo)氣體公司(si)的(de)K-54 和(he)三木公司(si)的(de)T-31 均為(wei)(wei)此類(lei)固(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)。

　　美國(guo)卡(ka)德萊(lai)公司(si)(si)利用(yong)(yong)腰果殼液為主要原(yuan)料合成了系(xi)列天然長鏈(lian)取代酚(fen)醛(quan)胺固化(hua)劑(ji)。它既含(han)脂肪(fang)族二元胺端(duan)基，又含(han)弱酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)的(de)酚(fen)羥基，以(yi)及帶不飽和(he)雙鍵的(de)C15 直(zhi)鏈(lian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)獨特的(de)分(fen)子(zi)結構使其兼具一般的(de)酚(fen)醛(quan)胺和(he)低(di)相對分(fen)子(zi)質量聚(ju)酰胺的(de)性(xing)(xing)能，與(yu)環(huan)氧樹脂配(pei)用(yong)(yong)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)期長，可(ke)在(zai)室溫下快速固化(hua)，亦能在(zai)低(di)溫、潮濕條(tiao)件下固化(hua)，且無毒，涂(tu)膜柔韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)、耐磨性(xing)(xing)、耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)優良。因此，該固化(hua)劑(ji)已被廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)于工業(ye)及防腐涂(tu)料和(he)建筑工程涂(tu)料，得(de)到了業(ye)界的(de)認可(ke)。國(guo)內多家(jia)公司(si)(si)，如上海杜(du)爾公司(si)(si)、山東美都公司(si)(si)、徐州中研公司(si)(si)等(deng)亦有同類產品開發面市。

　　合肥工業(ye)大學研(yan)究開(kai)發成功AH 系列(lie)長鏈酚(fen)醛胺固(gu)化(hua)劑，即以酚(fen)、多元(yuan)胺、甲醛、脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)為(wei)原料，研(yan)制成低溫、常(chang)溫和(he)中(zhong)溫固(gu)化(hua)劑。該系列(lie)產品耐(nai)水性(xing)、耐(nai)油性(xing)好(hao)，并可(ke)按需設計(ji)分子(zi)結(jie)構。沈陽(yang)東南化(hua)工研(yan)究所開(kai)發了(le)T-30 常(chang)溫增(zeng)韌型酚(fen)醛胺固(gu)化(hua)劑。該產品不含游離酚(fen)、甲醛和(he)有機溶劑，氣味低、毒性(xing)小、色澤淺(qian)，可(ke)用于(yu)面漆。與(yu)原牌號產品相比(bi)，其固(gu)化(hua)速度不變(bian)而柔韌性(xing)增(zeng)強，與(yu)增(zeng)韌環氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)配(pei)用可(ke)以達到良(liang)好(hao)的柔韌性(xing)和(he)沖擊(ji)強度，同時潮(chao)濕條件(jian)和(he)水下(xia)均可(ke)固(gu)化(hua)。另外成功開(kai)發了(le)牌號為(wei)4T-28 的同類(lei)型固(gu)化(hua)劑，固(gu)化(hua)速度稍慢，適于(yu)夏(xia)季炎熱環境(jing)下(xia)施(shi)工。

　　北京(jing)航空航天大學以壬(ren)基(ji)酚和甲醛所形成的(de)二(er)聚體(ti)為原料(liao)，合成了(le)一種新型結構(gou)(gou)的(de)增(zeng)韌環氧(yang)固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)——雙(2- 羥基(ji)-3- 胺乙基(ji)胺甲基(ji)-5- 壬(ren)基(ji)苯(ben)基(ji))甲烷(wan)(BA)。由于BA 分子結構(gou)(gou)中存在正壬(ren)基(ji)，固(gu)化(hua)后會發生內松(song)弛(chi)，能夠提高樹脂柔韌性，其(qi)沖(chong)擊強(qiang)度(du)比普通芳香胺固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)提高了(le)36.91%，具有高活性和增(zeng)韌雙重效果。

　　北(bei)京油(you)漆(qi)廠將其(qi)生產的701 固化(hua)劑(苯酸、甲醛、己二胺縮合(he)物)與甲基異丁基酮(tong)反應制得酚醛酮(tong)亞胺，不僅具(ju)有潮(chao)濕、低溫固化(hua)特(te)性，而且帶(dai)有酚醛骨架，進一步提高(gao)了固化(hua)產物的耐濕性和防腐(fu)性，具(ju)有更好的應用性能。

　　3.4改(gai)性聚醚胺

　　聚(ju)醚(mi)(mi)胺的主(zhu)鏈結構中因含(han)有聚(ju)醚(mi)(mi)鍵，其固(gu)化(hua)產物在低溫下仍有良(liang)好(hao)的柔韌性(xing)(xing)及耐冷熱沖(chong)擊性(xing)(xing)，故可用(yong)作柔性(xing)(xing)固(gu)化(hua)劑。隨著改性(xing)(xing)聚(ju)醚(mi)(mi)主(zhu)鏈和封(feng)端氨基的結構不同，其綜合性(xing)(xing)能也會(hui)隨之變化(hua)。

　　亨斯邁公司(si)的(de)(de)JEFFAMINE 聚醚胺(an)(an)系列固(gu)化劑是(shi)柔性固(gu)化劑的(de)(de)代(dai)表產品。該公司(si)先后研發了單胺(an)(an)、二胺(an)(an)和三胺(an)(an)產品，近(jin)來，又開發了仲胺(an)(an)、位阻(zu)胺(an)(an)及聚亞甲(jia)基乙二醇(PTMEG)基的(de)(de)聚醚胺(an)(an)產品，進一(yi)(yi)步拓(tuo)寬了產品的(de)(de)適用范圍。聚氧乙烯二胺(an)(an)(XTJ-S90)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種低相對分子(zi)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)活性聚醚胺(an)(an)，固(gu)化速度是(shi)普(pu)通聚醚胺(an)(an)D-230 的(de)(de)4 倍(bei)，色(se)淺、柔韌，可單獨(du)使用或與普(pu)通聚醚胺(an)(an)混用，其固(gu)化產物(wu)具有優良的(de)(de)力學性能和耐沖擊(ji)性。

　　Beren 等(deng)合(he)成了一(yi)系列(lie)端氨基芳醚酮固(gu)(gu)化劑，如(ru)端氨基聚雙酚(fen)A 醚二苯酮(BPAPK)、端氨基聚3-異丁(ding)基對苯二酚(fen)醚二苯酮(t-BPK)等(deng)。采(cai)用此(ci)類固(gu)(gu)化劑固(gu)(gu)化的(de)環氧樹脂由于醚網絡的(de)存(cun)在(zai)，提高(gao)了交聯點(dian)間(jian)鏈段的(de)柔順性(xing)(xing)和扭(niu)轉特性(xing)(xing)，從而使固(gu)(gu)化產物(wu)呈(cheng)現高(gao)柔韌性(xing)(xing)。

　　華(hua)峰君等研制(zhi)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)氧化(hua)丙烯多胺，主(zhu)鏈為聚(ju)(ju)(ju)氧化(hua)丙烯，采用多胺封端，將其加入到雙酚(fen)A 環氧樹(shu)脂/ 二(er)亞乙基三(san)胺體系中，隨其用量增加，固化(hua)產物的(de)沖擊強度有(you)較(jiao)大提高。張恩天等開發(fa)了一系列(lie)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)醚(mi)二(er)胺型固化(hua)劑，包括(kuo)二(er)氨基二(er)苯醚(mi)雙酚(fen)A、二(er)氨基二(er)苯醚(mi)二(er)苯砜等，提高了固化(hua)產物的(de)柔韌(ren)性和耐濕熱性。

　　趙立英等研制(zhi)了一種既含柔性(xing)鏈段(duan)、又含剛性(xing)結構單元(yuan)的端脂肪胺基聚醚(APPEG)固化劑，用(yong)于(yu)環氧(yang)樹脂的增韌(ren)改性(xing)，制(zhi)得了耐(nai)環境性(xing)能優異的涂膜，在60℃時的平衡吸水(shui)率為2.1% 左右，耐(nai)鹽霧腐蝕可達500 h 以上(shang)，明顯優于(yu)端氨基聚氨酯涂料。

　　3.5水性常溫(wen)環氧固化劑

　　目前，常(chang)用的(de)水性(xing)(xing)環(huan)氧(yang)樹脂固化劑主(zhu)要為(wei)改性(xing)(xing)胺(an)(an)類固化劑，包括酰(xian)胺(an)(an)基多胺(an)(an)、聚(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)(an)和胺(an)(an)加成物。如汽巴公司的(de)聚(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)(an)HZ3982，陶氏公司的(de)聚(ju)酰(xian)胺(an)(an)1H7005W，翰森公司的(de)改性(xing)(xing)胺(an)(an)CURE8537，氣體公司的(de)改性(xing)(xing)胺(an)(an)Anqua White 等。但(dan)上(shang)述3 類固化劑都(dou)與環(huan)氧(yang)樹脂相容性(xing)(xing)差，導致(zhi)適(shi)用期短且耐水性(xing)(xing)和防腐(fu)性(xing)(xing)欠(qian)佳(jia)，需進(jin)行各種(zhong)改性(xing)(xing)加以改善(shan)。

　　陶氏公司的(de)D.H.Klein 等(deng)研制(zhi)了第1 代水(shui)(shui)溶性(xing)(xing)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)加(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)EH-1 和(he)(he)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)較多的(de)憎水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)加(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)EH-2，以及用(yong)(yong)其(qi)配(pei)制(zhi)的(de)EH-3 固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)[由70% 聚(ju)(亞氨(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)環(huan)(huan)己胺(an)(an)(an)(an))和(he)(he)30% 苯甲醇混合而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)]。其(qi)氨(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)結合于仲(zhong)碳(tan)原(yuan)子上，反(fan)應性(xing)(xing)較緩和(he)(he)，使其(qi)接觸分散體(ti)(ti)中的(de)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)顆粒時不致過(guo)早(zao)在表面局部固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，阻礙(ai)后續固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)透入。苯甲醇有助于成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)膜，且增韌漆膜，固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)后其(qi)羥基(ji)(ji)(ji)又促進(jin)了固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)應。Klein 等(deng)采用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)氧(yang)(yang)乙烯二縮水(shui)(shui)甘油醚和(he)(he)雙酚A 環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)反(fan)應得到(dao)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)自分散體(ti)(ti)，再與(yu)(yu)聚(ju)氧(yang)(yang)丙烯二胺(an)(an)(an)(an)和(he)(he)異佛(fo)爾酮二胺(an)(an)(an)(an)反(fan)應生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)類固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)。Stark 等(deng)采用(yong)(yong)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)過(guo)量的(de)間苯二甲胺(an)(an)(an)(an)反(fan)應生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)端(duan)(duan)(duan)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)一胺(an)(an)(an)(an)加(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)，再與(yu)(yu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)羧(suo)(suo)基(ji)(ji)(ji)聚(ju)醚醇生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酰(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)一胺(an)(an)(an)(an)，然(ran)后經(jing)封(feng)端(duan)(duan)(duan)制(zhi)得水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)。Elmore 等(deng)先將多乙烯多胺(an)(an)(an)(an)與(yu)(yu)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)反(fan)應生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)端(duan)(duan)(duan)氨(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)加(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)，再與(yu)(yu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)羧(suo)(suo)基(ji)(ji)(ji)聚(ju)醚醇反(fan)應制(zhi)得酰(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)化(hua)(hua)(hua)合物(wu)，最后用(yong)(yong)單環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)合物(wu)封(feng)端(duan)(duan)(duan)，制(zhi)得酰(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)一胺(an)(an)(an)(an)類環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)。

　　常州(zhou)涂料化(hua)(hua)工研究院祝寶(bao)英等(deng)采用聚乙二(er)醇二(er)縮水(shui)甘油(you)醚(mi)、雙(shuang)酚A 型環(huan)(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)、脂(zhi)肪族(zu)多胺(an)(an)(an)或(huo)芳香族(zu)多胺(an)(an)(an)合成了(le)非(fei)離子型低(di)溫固(gu)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑。研究了(le)不同的(de)(de)多胺(an)(an)(an)、不同的(de)(de)甘油(you)醚(mi)含量對固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑外觀、穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)及固(gu)化(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)影響，確認了(le)環(huan)(huan)氧/ 胺(an)(an)(an)氫比例為(wei)1∶0.8 時固(gu)化(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能最佳。鄒(zou)海(hai)良等(deng)采用十八胺(an)(an)(an)與(yu)乙二(er)醇二(er)縮水(shui)甘油(you)醚(mi)反應，制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)一種(zhong)兩端(duan)為(wei)環(huan)(huan)氧基，中間為(wei)疏水(shui)烷基鏈的(de)(de)雙(shuang)環(huan)(huan)氧化(hua)(hua)合物(wu)(wu)，再(zai)用三乙烯四胺(an)(an)(an)進行(xing)封端(duan)，制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)一種(zhong)非(fei)離子型自(zi)乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑，其對液體環(huan)(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)有良好的(de)(de)乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)效果(guo)，涂膜(mo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能優(you)良。巴陵石化(hua)(hua)公司李(li)楚新等(deng)以聚醚(mi)胺(an)(an)(an)和DMP-30[三-(二(er)甲胺(an)(an)(an)基甲基)苯酚]為(wei)原料，利用胺(an)(an)(an)交(jiao)換反應制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)曼尼(ni)希胺(an)(an)(an)(MAI)。然后以自(zi)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)端(duan)官能環(huan)(huan)氧聚合物(wu)(wu)(PEG-EP)與(yu)液體環(huan)(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)(EP)為(wei)擴鏈劑對MAI 進行(xing)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，并用苯基縮水(shui)甘油(you)醚(mi)(PGE)封端(duan)，最后用相轉化(hua)(hua)法制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)新型的(de)(de)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)曼尼(ni)希胺(an)(an)(an)環(huan)(huan)氧固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑，其固(gu)化(hua)(hua)產物(wu)(wu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能優(you)異。

　　武漢(han)海源(yuan)九天(tian)新材料(liao)有(you)限公司(si)劉勝(sheng)波等用(yong)液態環氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)和三乙烯(xi)四胺為(wei)原料(liao)進行加(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)反應，制得(de)環氧一胺加(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)，然后向(xiang)環氧一胺加(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)滴加(jia)混(hun)合封(feng)(feng)端劑(ji)(丁基(ji)縮水甘(gan)油醚(mi)和苯基(ji)縮水甘(gan)油醚(mi));其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)封(feng)(feng)端劑(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環氧基(ji)與(yu)加(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)伯胺氫(qing)(qing)按當量比反應，再用(yong)有(you)機(ji)酸(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)和封(feng)(feng)端后的(de)(de)(de)(de)仲胺氫(qing)(qing)成(cheng)(cheng)鹽(yan)。制得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自乳(ru)化水性(xing)環氧固化劑(ji)與(yu)自制的(de)(de)(de)(de)自乳(ru)化水性(xing)環氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)配漆后，兼有(you)固化和乳(ru)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，與(yu)自制的(de)(de)(de)(de)氨基(ji)酸(suan)改(gai)性(xing)水性(xing)環氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)配用(yong)時(shi)相容性(xing)很好，并且固化劑(ji)更容易向(xiang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)內部(bu)擴散，從而提高體系的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)、力學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)及(ji)防腐性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。所(suo)配制的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)裝箱(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)間漆經中(zhong)(zhong)集(ji)(ji)集(ji)(ji)團和馬士(shi)基(ji)公司(si)箱(xiang)試(shi)達到標準要求(qiu)，并通(tong)過了美國KTA(美國Konstant 實驗(yan)室(shi))和FDA(美國食品及(ji)藥物(wu)管理局)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)認證，已(yi)取得(de)發明專利(li)。

　　4結語

　　隨著(zhu)環(huan)氧樹脂涂(tu)料(liao)的(de)發展，對環(huan)氧樹脂及其固(gu)(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)、工藝和(he)應(ying)用(yong)提出了(le)更多更高的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，特別(bie)是(shi)對常溫快干、性(xing)能(neng)優異的(de)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)尤為迫切。為此，各(ge)種(zhong)新(xin)型固(gu)(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)、特種(zhong)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)、多功能(neng)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)、環(huan)保無毒固(gu)(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)等(deng)必將(jiang)受到行業的(de)關(guan)注，并進(jin)一步(bu)得到開(kai)發和(he)應(ying)用(yong)。